Conclusion: A mindset shift Social sustainability is less about technology and more about relationships, collaboration, and a holistic view of energy in the urban context. For both municipalities and companies, embracing this dimension strengthens ties to the community, supports sector integration, and unlocks new business opportunities.
planning. District heating companies, in turn, can internalise these drivers, proactively improve social impacts, and build partnerships that strengthen their business case. Failure to engage risks reputational harm and competitive disadvantage. Impact on business models Incorporating social sustainability shifts the boundaries of a business model. It fosters new partnerships, sector coupling, co- investment opportunities, and deeper community anchoring. These people-centred approaches enhance resilience, acceptance, and long-term competitiveness.
Meet the experts
Kristina Lygnerud, Entrepreneur and Professor in Energy Sciences at Lund University, Sweden
Johanna Ayrault, Postdoc at the Research Institute for Urban Management and Governance, Vienna University of Economics and Business
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